Facial swelling and discharging lesions associated with abnormalities of the mandible in kunekune pigs     

RM Archer  JF Weston  CL Herdan  MC Owen 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):305-309

Abstract

CASE HISTORIES: Four adult kunekune pigs developed facial swelling at the base of the right ear that ruptured and discharged food material. A further six pigs that had similar clinical signs were reported by members of the New Zealand Kunekune Association who responded to an email survey, one of which was confirmed by post-mortem examination.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: Inside the mouth of each pig there was an opening at the junction of the body and ramus of the mandible just lateral to the most caudal visible molar that was impacted with masticated feed. The food packed into the mandible resulted in infection and progressive erosion of the medullary cavity of the bone until it reached the ramus where it eroded through the lateral cortex. The feed material then tracked through the soft tissues to form a subcutaneous abscess, which eventually ruptured resulting in a draining lesion. In Case 2, which had had the lesion for 2 years, the cavity in the mandible was lined with mucosa that had healed to the skin to produce a fistula. In all four pigs there was also a lesion in the left side of the mandible that was not as developed as that on the right side.

DIAGNOSIS: The facial swellings were produced by feed material that had impacted into the mandible through an opening immediately caudal to the cheek teeth and then emerged through one or more lesions in the lateral aspect of the ramus of the mandible.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although it has not been previously reported, anecdotal reports and our survey suggest that this condition may occur relatively frequently in kunekune pigs. It should be considered as a differential diagnosis for facial swellings and discharging lesions in these animals.  相似文献   

Osseous lesions resembling vaccine-site sar comas in two cats     

KG Thompson  RM Jerram  CL Opie  SS Bastianello 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(1)

Extract

Lytic lesions with microscopic features similar to those of vaccine-site sarcomas were diagnosed in the distal femur of two young neutered male cats, one a 20-month-old Birman and the other an 18-month-old domestic short-hair (DSH). Radiographically, there was extensive destruction of trabecular and cortical bone in the metaphysis and/or epiphysis of the distal femur. The DSH cat also had angular deformity of the distal femur due to asymmetrical involvement of the physis. Histologically, the lesions in both cats consisted of dense, interwoven bundles of fibrous connective tissue, amongst which there were variable numbers of plump malignant mesenchymal cells, often with very large, hyperchromatic nuclei and irregularly shaped nucleoli. Several focal aggregates of small lymphocytes were present in both tumours. Although neither cat had apparently been vaccinated in the hindlimb it is possible that the tumours had been triggered by injection of some other irritant material.  相似文献   

Effects of initial and extended exposure to an endophyte-infected tall fescue seed diet on faecal and urinary excretion of ergovaline and lysergic acid in mature geldings     

CL Schultz  SL Lodge-Ivey  LP Bush  AM Craig  JR Strickland 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(4):178-184

Abstract

AIM: To determine the amount of ergovaline and lysergic acid retained or excreted by geldings fed endophyte-infected seed containing known concentrations of these alkaloids, and the effects of exposure time on clinical expression of toxicosis.

METHODS: Mature geldings (n=10) received diets containing either endophyte-free (E-) or endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue seed during three experimental phases. The first phase (Days ?14 to ?1) was an adaptation phase, to allow all horses to adapt to a diet containing E- tall fescue seed. The second (Days 0 to 3) was the initial exposure phase to E+ tall fescue seed, used for the delivery of ergovaline and lysergic acid at 0.5 and 0.3 mg/kg of diet, respectively, to test the initial effects of exposure on routes and amounts of elimination of alkaloid. During this phase, half the geldings were exposed to an E+ diet while the rest served as controls by remaining on the E- diet. Once assigned to treatments, geldings remained on the same diet through the third phase (Days 4 to 21), which served as the extended exposure phase. Total outputs of faeces and urine were collected within each phase, to determine retention of ergovaline and lysergic acid and nutrient digestibility. Serum was collected weekly and analysed for activities of enzymes and concentrations of prolactin. Bodyweights (BW) and rectal temperatures were recorded weekly.

RESULTS: BW, rectal temperature, enzyme activities and concentrations of prolactin in serum, and nutrient digestibility were not affected by treatment. Total intake of ergovaline by geldings on the E+ diet was 3.5 and 3.6 (SE 0.20) mg/day, and 2.1 and 2.3 (SE 0.11) mg/day were not accounted for in initial and extended phases, respectively. Lysergic acid was excreted in the urine (4.0 and 4.9 (SE 0.97) mg/day) and faeces (2.5 and 2.7 (SE 0.35) mg/day) at greater amounts than that consumed (2.0 and 1.9 (SE 0.09) mg/day) during the initial and extended exposure phases, respectively. Animals exposed to E+ seed for a period of 20 days appeared to excrete more (1.5 vs 1.2 mg/day; SE 0.08; p=0.03) ergovaline in the faeces than those exposed for only 4 days.

CONCLUSIONS: Exposure time to the ergot alkaloids had a limited effect on the route of elimination or the amounts of ergovaline or lysergic acid excreted by horses. The primary alkaloid excreted was lysergic acid, and urine was the major route of elimination. These data will aid future research to improve animals′ tolerance to toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue.  相似文献   

Effect of an electrostatic space charge system on airborne dust and subsequent potential transmission of microorganisms to broiler breeder pullets by airborne dust     

Richardson LJ  Mitchell BW  Wilson JL  Hofacre CL 《Avian diseases》2003,47(1):128-133

High levels of dust and microorganisms are known to be associated with animal confinement rearing facilities. Many of the microorganisms are carried by dust particles, thus providing an excellent vector for horizontal disease transmission between birds. Two environmentally controlled rooms containing female broiler breeder pullets (n = 300) were used to evaluate the effectiveness of an electrostatic space charge system (ESCS) in reducing airborne dust and gram-negative bacteria levels over an 8-wk period (starting when the birds were 10 wk old). The ESCS was used to evaluate the effectiveness of reducing airborne microorganism levels by charging airborne dust particles and causing the particles to be attracted to grounded surfaces (i.e., walls, floor, equipment). The use of the ESCS resulted in a 64% mean reduction in gram-negative bacteria. Airborne dust levels were reduced an average of 37% over a 1-wk period in the experimental room compared with the control room on the basis of samples taken every 10 min. The reductions of airborne dust and bacteria in this study are comparable with earlier results obtained with the ESCS in commercial hatching cabinets and experimental caged layer rooms, suggesting the system could also be applied to other types of enclosed animal housing.  相似文献   

Effect of growth promotant usage on enterococci species on a poultry farm     

Debnam AL  Jackson CR  Avellaneda GE  Barrett JB  Hofacre CL 《Avian diseases》2005,49(3):361-365

The species population of enterococci isolated from four poultry houses for six grow-outs on one farm was determined. Two houses on the farm were control houses and did not use any antimicrobials, while two other houses on the farm used flavomycin, virginiamycin, and bacitracin during different poultry grow-outs. Litter, chick boxliners, feed, and poultry carcass rinses were obtained from each house and cultured for the presence of enterococci. Nine species of enterococci (Enterococcusfaecalis, E. faecium, E. avium, E. casselifiavus, E. cecorum, E. durans, E. gallinarum, E. hirae, and E. malodoratus) were identified from the study. Enterococcus faecalis was isolated more frequently from chick boxliners (n=176; 92%) and carcass rinses (n=491; 69%), whereas E. faecium was found more frequently in litter (n=361; 77%) and feed (n=67; 64%). Enterococcus faecalis (n=763; 52%) and E. faecium (n=578; 39%) were isolated most often from the farm and houses, regardless of antimicrobial treatment. Fifty-two percent of E. faecalis and 39% of E. faecium were isolated from both control (n=389 and 295, respectively) and treatment (n=374 and 283, respectively) samples. This study indicates that antimicrobial usage on this farm did not alter the resident population of enterococci.  相似文献   

Inactivation, storage, and PCR detection of Mycoplasma on FTA filter paper     

Moscoso H  Thayer SG  Hofacre CL  Kleven SH 《Avian diseases》2004,48(4):841-850

We evaluated the feasibility of using Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) filter paper for the inactivation and storage of mycoplasma DNA templates and their detection by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). FTA paper is a cotton-based cellulose membrane containing lyophilized chemicals that lyses most types of bacteria and viruses. Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) cultures were spotted at various volumes on the filter paper and stored at different temperatures for various periods of time before performing PCR. MG and MS were readily detected at all time frames (1-60 days) independent of the volume applied (1-100 microl) or storage temperature (4 C-41 C). Sensitivity and specificity of the FTA-PCR were comparable to the standard diagnostic PCR, allowing the detection of MG/MS in field samples without interference by nontargeted mycoplasma. Analysis of 193 field samples by both methods showed nearly 100% agreement with serology and culture results. The long-term DNA stability at a wide range of temperatures makes the FTA cards a good alternative for collecting and simultaneously inactivating mycoplasma. It also offers the convenience of storage and transport of DNA in a cost-effective manner for further molecular analysis, such as restriction enzyme length polymorphism and nucleotide sequencing.  相似文献   

关注养禽业中抗生素的使用及其影响     

Randall S Singer Charles L Hofacre 《中国家禽》2006,28(18):41-47

在过去的十几年里,抗生素在禽类生产中的使用方式发生了很大的变化。原因之一是取消某些抗生素的使用,如美国取消氟喹诺酮在家禽的使用以及欧盟禁用抗生素促生长剂。另外,许多大型禽业公司自发减少抗生素促生长剂的使用。抗生素使用发生变化的主要动力还是来自于与这项措施息息相关的公共健康问题。  相似文献   

面向家禽兽医的研究生教育和培训——过去、现在和未来     

Trevor J.Bagust  丁加波 《中国家禽》2007,29(18):27-30

1 家禽兽医研究生教育的过去和现在 　　美国乔治亚大学开设的禽类医学硕士学位课程以及墨尔本大学开设的禽类健康学硕士学位课程都采用全日制授课方式,学期一般为12～18个月,毕业无需提交论文.……  相似文献   

Animal sources of salmonellosis in humans     

Sanchez S  Hofacre CL  Lee MD  Maurer JJ  Doyle MP 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,221(4):492-497

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Effect of a commercial competitive exclusion culture on reduction of colonization of an antibiotic-resistant pathogenic Escherichia coli in day-old broiler chickens     

Hofacre CL  Johnson AC  Kelly BJ  Froyman R 《Avian diseases》2002,46(1):198-202

One-day-of-age broiler chickens were administered a commercial competitive exclusion (CE) product and then challenged by three different methods with an Escherichia coli O78:K80 that was pathogenic for poultry and resistant to six antibiotics. Three challenge methods were used on 2-day-old broilers: direct challenge, precolonized seeder, and instant seeder. Direct challenge was accomplished by administering the challenge E. coli per os. The precolonized seeder challenge had two chicks that had received the challenge E. coli 24 hr previously, whereas the instant seeder challenge had two chicks given the challenge E. coli per os with immediate placement with the experimental birds. One oral dose of the commercial CE product significantly reduced the colonization of the small intestine, large intestine, and ceca by the highly antimicrobial resistant poultry pathogenic E. coli O78:K80 at 7 and 14 days postchallenge by all three challenge methods. The overall mean reductions in colonization were 3.0 log10 for the large intestine, 3.0 log10 for the small intestine, and 4.0 log10 for the cecum. The most severe challenge method, on the basis of the least amount of reduction of colonization of the challenge E. coli by the CE, was by the direct oral gavage at 2 days of age.  相似文献